City of Hope began in 1913 as a tuberculosis sanatorium created by Jewish Consumptive Relief Association. After antibiotics reduced TB cases in the 1940s, the facility transitioned to cancer research and treatment. The organization developed synthetic human insulin in 1978 and holds NCI comprehensive cancer center status. City of Hope operates a graduate school and research facilities focusing on cancer, diabetes, and other diseases. Their integrated model connects laboratory discoveries with patient care across multiple locations nationwide.